Anti-Semitism: hostility and prejudice toward Jews
Ark of the Covenant: the wooden chest that held the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments. The temple in Jerusalem became the home of the Ark
bar/bat mitzvah: the religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of thirteen/Jewish girl who has reached the age of twelve or thirteen
chosen people: the idea that God chose the Jewish people to be the keepers of his covenant. The concept of “chosen” is reciprocal, with God choosing humanity and humanity choosing God.
Diaspora: word used when referring to the Jewish population living outside of Israel
Exodus: the significance event in which Moses lead the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land
Gerut: the process of conversion to Judaism
Ghetto: the area of a city in which Jews were required to live. The first was in Venice in 1516.
Holy Ark: a cabinet-like structure in the synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls
Kiddush: a blessing recited when drinking wine that has been specially sanctified for the Sabbath or a holy day
Kippah: a small circular cap worn by Jewish men, also known as a yarmulke
Kosher: fulfilling the requirements of the Jewish dietary laws
Menorah: a candelabrum with seven branches, used at home and in the synagogue on the Sabbath and holidays
Messiah: means “anointed one”. Jews believe that a great king will come to lead them
Rabbi: a Jewish scholar or teacher, especially of Jewish law; a person appointed as a Jewish religious leader
Shiva: a period of seven-day mourning for the dead beginning immediately after the funeral
Star of David: a figure consisting of two interlaced equilateral triangles. It is used as a Jewish and Israeli symbol
Synagogue: central places of Jewish worship today
Torah: the Laws of Moses, as well as the rest of the Hebrew scriptures
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